Association between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), and AGT (M268T) polymorphisms and performance phenotypes in Brazilian swimmers.

BACKGROUND: The influence of genetic polymorphisms on athletic performance has been widely explored. This study investigated the interactions between the polymorphisms ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), and AGT (M/T) and their association with endurance and strength phenotypes in Brazilian swimmers. METHODS: 123 athletes (aged 20-30 years) and 718 controls participated in the study. The athletes were divided into elite and sub-elite (N = 19 and 104, respectively) and strength and endurance experts (N = 98 and 25, respectively). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in all groups. RESULTS: Considering the ACE polymorphism, it was observed a higher frequency of the DD genotype than expected in the strength experts of the elite group, whereas the strength experts sub-elite athletes had a higher frequency of the ID genotype (χ2 = 8.17; p = 0.01). Subjects with XX genotypes of ACTN3 are more likely to belong to the athlete group when compared to the control group (OR = 1.79, p = 0.04). The DD homozygotes of the ACE are more likely to belong to the elite group with strength phenotypes than the group of sub-elite (OR = 7.96, p = 0.01) and elite strength experts compared to elite endurance (OR = 18.0, p = 0.03). However, no significant differences were observed in the allelic distribution of the polymorphisms evaluated when comparing Elite, sub-elite athletes and controls. CONCLUSION: ACE and ACTN3 allele frequencies should be considered with regard to performance influencing factors in Brazilian swimmers.

Fatigue and Recovery Time Course After Female Soccer Matches: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze the extent of fatigue responses after female soccer matches and the ensuing recovery time course of performance, physiological, and perceptual responses. METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) were searched in October 2020 and updated in November 2021. Studies were included when participants were female soccer players, regardless of their ability level. Further, the intervention was an official soccer match with performance, physiological, or perceptual parameters collected pre- and post-match (immediately, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h-post). RESULTS: A total of 26 studies (n = 465 players) were included for meta-analysis. Most performance parameters showed some immediate post-match reduction (effect size [ES] = - 0.72 to - 1.80), apart from countermovement jump (CMJ; ES = - 0.04). Reduced CMJ performance occurred at 12 h (ES = - 0.38) and 24 h (ES = - 0.42) and sprint at 48 h post-match (ES = - 0.75). Inflammatory and immunological parameters responded acutely with moderate-to-large increases (ES = 0.58-2.75) immediately post-match. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase alterations persisted at 72 h post-match (ES = 3.79 and 7.46, respectively). Small-to-moderate effects were observed for increased cortisol (ES = 0.75) and reduced testosterone/cortisol ratio (ES = -0.47) immediately post-match, while negligible to small effects existed for testosterone (ES = 0.14) and estradiol (ES = 0.34). Large effects were observed for perceptual variables, with increased fatigue (ES = 1.79) and reduced vigor (ES = - 0.97) at 12 h post-match, while muscle soreness was increased immediately post (ES = 1.63) and at 24 h post-match (ES = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Acute fatigue exists following female soccer matches, and the performance, physiological, and perceptual parameters showed distinctive recovery timelines. Importantly, physical performance was recovered at 72 h post-match, whereas muscle damage markers were still increased at this time point. These timelines should be considered when planning training and match schedules. However, some caution should be advised given the small number of studies available on this population. REGISTRATION: The protocol for this systematic review was pre-registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, Registration Number: CRD42021237857).

The effect of post-match resistance training on recovery in female footballers; when is best to train?

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of resistance training (RT) performed at 24 or 48h post-match on recovery in female soccer players. METHODS: In a randomized cross-over design, 10 professional female soccer players undertook matches followed by three conditions: Control (no RT), RT-24h and RT-48h post-match. RT was a high-speed and low-load session, consisting of 3 sets of 6 repetitions of lower-body exercises at 50%1RM. During training, one exercise (half-squat) was performed on a force platform to determine mean and peak forces. Tests were undertaken pre, 24, 48 and 72h post-match including countermovement jump (CMJ), 20m sprint, C-reactive protein (CRP) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Effect size (ES) analyses compared the time-course of recovery. RESULTS: Despite no significant differences between conditions, ES for changes from pre to 72h were larger for CMJ, 10 and 20m sprint time, and DOMS in RT48h (ES=0.38-2.13) than in RT24h (ES=0.08-0.66) and in Control (ES=0.09-0.36). No differences in forces of half-squat exercise existed between conditions (p>0.05; ES=0.05-0.06). CONCLUSION: The trend for suppressed recovery of speed, power and perceptual responses at 72h post-match suggests RT48h is less ideal in female soccer players, particularly during congested micro-cycles.

Time-course of changes in performance, biomechanical, physiological and perceptual responses following resistance training sessions.

This study determined the time-course of recovery after resistance training (RT) sessions and the association between changes in performance with changes in biomechanical, physiological and perceptual parameters. After a 4-week familiarization period, 14 resistance-trained males performed 3 experimental conditions, each one including 2 sessions with a recovery interval of 24, 48 h or 72 h, in a randomized order. RT sessions consisted of 5 sets of 8-10RM on squat and leg press exercises. The resistance was equal for the 2 sessions of each condition and repetitions were performed until concentric failure. Volume load (VL) and first set volume load (FSVL) were compared between sessions. Tests before each session included countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), creatine kinase (CK) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). (2 × 3) ANOVA with effect sizes (ES) assessed the time-course of recovery and Kendall test the correlation between variables (α = 0.05). Significant interaction was observed for all variables, except for CK, where a condition main effect occurred. Comparisons between post and pre-intervals showed VL (p = 0.011;ES = -0.90) decreased for 24 h condition, while FSVL remained decreased for 48 h (p = 0.031;ES = -0.63) and DOMS increased (p = 0.001;ES = 3.52). CMJ (p = 0.025;ES = 0.25) and MVIC (p = 0.031;ES = 0.14) performance increased at 72 h. FSVL (r = 0.424), CMJ (r = 0.439), MVIC (r = 0.389) and DOMS (r = -0.327) were significantly correlated with VL (p < 0.05). Time-course of VL showed the necessity of at least 48 h for the reestablishment of performance, though better perceptual responses were evident at 72h. Thus, both recovery intervals may be beneficial after lower-limbs RT until concentric failure, though chronic effects still need to be investigated.

Comparison of tests to evaluate the vertical rebound jump in basketball players / Comparação de testes para avaliação do ressalto vertical em jogadores de basquetebol

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the vertical rebound jump performance of basketball players by using Hurdle Jump and Drop Jump tests based on different performance parameters, in addition to investigating whether the height of the hurdles used (barrier and box) are equivalent when the optimal and maximum heights for the tests mentioned are determined. Thirteen players of a male basketball team were included in this study (age 18.77 ±1.78 years old, height 182 ±7.97 m, body mass 76.4 ±9.55 kg, practice time 6.0 ±1.8 years). Data normality and homogeneity were tested by applying Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively. The paired t-test was used to compare the means of the results obtained in the tests; the significance level was p ≤ 0.05. The results regarding the comparison of the performance parameters means were the following: the maximum vertical rebound jump and reactive strength index did not show significant differences (p = 0.256 and p = 0.243, respectively); on the other hand, differences were seen for the corresponding obstacle heights. These differences can be attributed to both, individual characteristics of each subject and the specificities of the tests.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o desempenho do ressalto vertical de jogadores de basquetebol por meio dos testes Hurdle Jump e Drop Jump a partir de diferentes parâmetros de desempenho e verificar se a altura dos obstáculos utilizados (barreira e caixote) se equivalem quando forem determinadas a altura ótima e a máxima para os testes mencionados. Participaram do estudo 13 jogadores de uma equipe de basquetebol masculina (idade 18,77 ±1,78 anos, estatura 182 ±7,97 centímetros, massa corporal 76,4 ±9,55 quilogramas, tempo de prática 6,0 ±1,8 anos). A normalidade e a homogeneidade dos dados foram testadas por meio dos testes Shapiro-Wilk e Levene, respectivamente. O Test T pareado foi utilizado na comparação das médias dos resultados obtidos nos testes e o nível de significância foi p≤0,05. Os resultados das comparações das médias dos parâmetros de desempenho: ressalto vertical máximo e índice de força reativa, não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p=0,256 e p=0,243, respectivamente), em contrapartida, foram identificadas diferenças nas alturas dos obstáculos correspondentes. Essas diferenças podem ser atribuídas às características da individualidade de cada sujeito e às especificidades dos testes.

Efeito agudo da aplicação de vibração de corpo inteiro na força muscular de membros superiores / Acute effect of whole body vibration in the upper limbs strength

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o efeito agudo da aplicação de vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI) sobre o impulso e sobre a força máxima de membros superiores. Vinte voluntários do sexo masculino, treinados, com idade: 23,8 ± 3,3 anos, foram submetidos a 3 sessões (uma sessão de familiarização e duas sessões de intervenção). Em cada uma das sessões de intervenção os voluntários realizaram uma contração voluntária máxima (CVM) de flexores do cotovelo sem aplicação de vibração e duas CVM com adição de vibração. Foram utilizadas 4 frequências de VCI (10, 20, 30 e 40Hz) distribuídas de maneira aleatória nas 4 CVM realizadas com vibração nas duas sessões de coleta. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a força máxima e o impulso gerados na contração sem vibração foram significativamente maiores do que a força máxima e o impulso gerados durante a contração realizada com aplicação de VCI. Para o treinamento de força, a aplicação de VCI, nas frequências testadas na presente investigação, representou um menor estímulo de treinamento para os membros superiores, uma vez que gerou uma redução na força máxima e no impulso dos músculos flexores do cotovelo.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate, from a protocol of maximal isometric contractions of the elbow flexors, the effect of WBV in the maximal force and of impulse in strength-trained individuals. Twenty male volunteers, age: 23.8 ± 3.3 years, performed 3 sessions (one familiarization session and two intervention session). The sessions were composed by 3 MVC of the elbows flexor muscles with 5 minute of rest between them. The first CVM was performed without vibration and the others, applying aleatory WBV with 10, 20, 30, 40Hz, and amplitude of 6mm. The results showed that the maximal force and of impulse obtained during the MVC without vibration was significantly higher than the maximal force and of impulse recorded during the application of WBV. For strength training, the application of WBV, in the adopted frequencies, was not able to generate sufficient stimulus to induce acute adaptations in muscle strength of upper limbs.

No acute effect of whole-body vibration on Roundhouse kick and countermovement jump performance of competitive Taekwondo athletes / Efeito agudo da vibração de corpo inteiro no desempenho do chute Roundhouse e no salto com contramovimento em atletas competitivos de Taekwondo

Abstract Little is known about the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) has on specific sports action such as taekwondo kicking technique. Fifteen individuals (10 males and 5 females; 18.6 ± 2.1 years), performed two experimental protocols on separate days: A) 1 minute exposure at 26 Hz frequency of WBV followed by countermovement jump (CMJ) test; B) 1 minute exposure at 26 Hz frequency of WBV followed by kick test. A Student's t-Test analysis was performed to evaluate the difference between performance before and after vibration intervention. The CMJ height means (cm) were 34.1 ± 6.4 before and 34.2 ± 6.5 after WBV exposure. The CMJ maximal force means were 1582.6 ± 214.3 before WBV and 1595.7 ± 205.0 after WBV, while Impulse means (N.s) were 283.3 ± 48.6 before WBV and 282.6 ± 46.6 after WBV. The kick time means (ms) were 219.9±20.31 before WBV and 218.9±19.81 after WBV. No significant differences were found regarding the application of mechanical vibration for all variables. Thus, the vibration intervention (1 minute of WBV at 26 Hz and 6 mm) adopted in this present study may have not been substantial to improve Roundhouse kick time (p=0.73), jump height (p=0.80), maximal force (p=0.78) and impulse (p=0.38) of taekwondo athletes. Future studies should investigate new vibration protocols (amplitude, frequency) and training (intensity, exercise, duration) to determine optimal parameters.

Resumo Pouco se sabe sobre o efeito da vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI) sobre o desempenho de ações esportivas específicas, como a técnica de chute do Taekwondo. Para isso, 15 atletas (10 homens e 5 mulheres; 18,6 ± 2,1 anos) realizaram dois protocolos experimentais em dias separados: A) pré-teste de salto com contramovimento (SCM), seguido de 1 minuto de exposição à frequência de 26 Hz de VCI e pós-teste de SCM; B) pré-teste de chute Roundhouse, seguido de 1 minuto de exposição à frequência de 26 Hz de VCI e pós-teste chute Roundhouse. A análise do teste t-Student foi realizada para verificar a diferença entre o desempenho pré e pós a aplicação da VCI. As médias de altura dos SCM (cm) foram 34,1 ± 6,4 pré e 34,2 ± 6,5 pós a VCI. As médias de força máxima no SCM foram 1582,6 ± 214,3 pré e 1595,7 ± 205,0 pós a VCI, enquanto as médias de Impulso (N.s) foram 283,3 ± 48,6 pré e 282,6 ± 46,6 pós a VCI. O tempo de chute (ms) foi de 219,9 ± 20,31 pré e 218,9 ± 19,81 pós a VCI. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação à aplicação de vibração mecânica para todas as variáveis. Assim, a intervenção proposta (1 minuto de VCI à 26 Hz e 6 mm) no presente estudo pode não ter sido adequada para aumentar o desempenho no teste de chute Roundhouse (p = 0,73), a altura (p = 0,80), força máxima (p = 0,78) e impulso no SCM (p = 0,38) de atletas competitivos de Taekwondo. Estudos futuros deveriam investigar novas configurações de protocolos de vibração (amplitude, frequência) e treinamento (intensidade, exercício, duração) para determinar parâmetros ótimos para melhoria do desempenho esportivo.

Criteria validity of the Netherlands physical activity questionnaire for children / Validade critério do Netherland Physical Activity Questionnaire para crianças

Abstract Physical activity measurement with accuracy and precision is extremely important in establishing the dose-response relationship between levels of physical activity and the different outcome possibilities. Subjective methods of measurement, such as proxy-reports have been used as a possibility to check physical activity in children. The aim of this study was to test the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ), valid for Brazilian schoolchildren using physical aerobic fitness as a criterion. The study included 290 children aged 6-10 years from public schools of Itaúna/MG. NPAQ was applied to parents or guardians and children were tested using the Luc Léger test. NPAQ had mean score of 25 for children (25 for boys and 24 for girls) and VO2max was 50.8 ml/kg/min for children (52.6 and 50.2 ml/kg/min for boys and girls, respectively). The Spearmam correlation test showed significant correlation (rsho = 0.146; p = 0.013) between NPAQ and VO2max, but the correlation is weak (Kappa -0.14). The results showed that NPAQ presented poor construct validity for physical activity measurement in a Brazilian schoolchildren sample, based on aerobic physical fitness criteria.

Resumo A mensuração da atividade física com acurácia e precisão é de extrema importância no estabelecimento da relação de dose-resposta entre os níveis de atividade física e as diversas possibilidades de desfecho, sendo um desafio de extrema complexidade. A utilização de métodos subjetivos de mensuração, como os instrumentos proxy-reports, é uma possibilidade de verificação de atividade física em crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a validade do Netherland Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ) em escolares brasileiros tendo como medida critério a aptidão física aeróbica. Participaram deste estudo 290 crianças de seis a 10 anos de idade, matriculados em escolas públicas do município de Itaúna/MG. Foi aplicado aos responsáveis o NPAQ e as crianças realizaram o teste de Luc Léger. O NPAQ apresentou um escore mediano de 25 para as crianças (25 meninos e 24 meninas) e o VO2máx foi de 50,8 ml/kg/min para as crianças (52,6 e 50,2 ml/kg/min para meninos e meninas, respectivamente). O NPAQ e o VO2máx apresentaram no teste de correlação simples de Spearmam rsho = 0,146 (p = 0,013) correlação significativa, porém fraca (Kappa -0.14). Os resultados permitem concluir que o NPAQ apresentou fraca validade de constructo para mensuração de atividade física em uma amostra de escolares brasileiros, tendo como medida critério a aptidão física aeróbica.

Efeito de diferentes durações de pausas sobre o salto com contramovimento / Effect of different rest interval lengths on the countermovement jump

RESUMO A avaliação do desempenho físico de atletas é um dos complexos processos que envolvem o treinamento esportivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de três diferentes pausas (15, 30 e 60 segundos) entre as tentativas do teste de salto com contramovimento (SCM) de atletas nacionais do Centro de Treinamento esportivo da UFMG. A amostra foi composta por 12 atletas que participaram de cinco sessões: 2 familiarizações e 3 de protocolo experimental. O protocolo experimental consistiu de três sessões de teste de 15 SCM aleatorizado entre as diferentes pausas entre tentativas (15, 30 e 60 segundos). Não houve diferença significativa para a altura do salto entre os três protocolos de pausa adotados e entre as 15 tentativas de salto no mesmo protocolo. Estes resultados sugerem que, durações de pausas menores, como a de 15 segundos, são suficientes para a manutenção do desempenho em testes de SCM com uma série única de até 15 tentativas.

ABSTRACT The evaluation of athlete's physical performance is one of the complex processes that involve sports training. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of varied rest interval lengths on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance test. The subjects were 12 national athletes from UFMG Sport Training Center, who performed five sessions, two familiarization sessions and three CMJ experimental sessions. The experimental sessions consisted of three sessions with 15 CMJ attempts, each session with a different rest interval duration. The three rest intervals between CMJ attempts were 15, 30, and 60 seconds and were counterbalanced for each subject. No significant difference was founded in the jump height between the 3 pause protocols adopted and between the 15 attempts in the same protocol. Therefore, this study demonstrated a 15 seconds rest interval was sufficient for recovery during the performance of 15 CMJ attempts.

Load Monitoring Variables in Training and Competition Situations: A Systematic Review Applied to Wheelchair Sports.

The aim of this review was to identify the main variables for load monitoring in training and competition situations in wheelchair sports. Studies were identified from a systematic search of three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SportDiscuss), with search phrases constructed from MeSH terms, alone or in combination, limited to English-language literature, and published up to January 2016. Our main findings were that variables related to external load (distance, speed, and duration) are used to monitor load in competition. In training situations, researchers have used variables related to internal load (heart rate and VO2); in both training and competition situations, researchers used internal load measurements (training impulse and ratings of perceived exertion). We conclude that the main variables for load monitoring in competitive situations were distance, speed, and duration, whereas the variables for training situations were heart rate, VO2, training impulse, and ratings of perceived exertion.

[Association of body mass index and aerobic physical fitness with cardiovascular risk factors in children]. / Associação de índice de massa corporal e aptidão física aeróbica com fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between both, body mass index and aerobic fitness, with cardiovascular disease risk factors in children. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, carried out in Itaúna-MG, in 2010, with 290 school children ranging from 6 to 10 years-old of both sexes, randomly selected. Children from schools located in the countryside and those with medical restrctions for physical activity were not included. Blood sample was collected after a 12-hour fasting period. Blood pressure, stature and weight were evaluated in accordance with international standards. The following were considered as cardiovascular risk factors: high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and insulin levels, and low HDL. The statistical analysis included the Spearman's coefficient and the logistic regression, with cardiovascular risk factors as dependent variables. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found, in both sexes, among body mass index and aerobic fitness with most of the cardiovascular risk factors. Children of both sexes with body mass index in the fourth quartile demonstrated increased chances of having high blood insulin and clustering cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, girls with aerobic fitness in the first quartile also demonstrated increased chances of having high blood insulin and clustering cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: The significant associations and the increased chances of having cardiovascular risk factors in children with less aerobic fitness and higher levels of body mass index justify the use of these variables for health monitoring in Pediatrics.

Associação de índice de massa corporal e aptidão física aeróbica com fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças / Association of body mass index and aerobic physical fitness with cardiovascular risk factors in children

Objetivo: Identificar a associação do índice de massa corporal e aptidão física aeróbica com fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares em crianças. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado na cidade de Itaúna-MG no ano de 2010 com 290 escolares de 6 a 10 anos de ambos os sexos, aleatoriamente selecionados. Crianças de escolas da zona rural e aquelas com limitações médicas para prática de atividade física não foram incluídas. Coletou-se o sangue após jejum de 12 horas. A pressão arterial, a estatura e o peso foram avaliados segundo padrões internacionais. Foram considerados fatores de risco cardiovascular: hipertensão arterial, colesterol total, LDL, triacilgliceróis e insulinemia elevados e HDL baixo. A análise estatística incluiu a Correlação de Spearman e a Regressão Logística, com os fatores de risco cardiovascular como variáveis dependentes. Resultados: Correlações significativas foram encontradas, nos dois sexos, entre índice de massa corporal e aptidão física aeróbica com a maioria dos fatores de risco cardiovascular. Crianças dos dois sexos com índice de massa corporal acima do percentil 75 apresentaram chances aumentadas para insulinemia alterada e agrupamento de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Meninas com aptidão física aeróbica no primeiro quartil apresentaram chances aumentadas para insulinemia alterada e agrupamento de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Conclusão: As associações significativas e as chances aumentadas para presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças com menor aptidão física aeróbica e maior índice de massa corporal justificam o uso dessas variáveis no monitoramento da saúde em pediatria...

Objective: To identify the association between both, body mass index and aerobic fitness, with cardiovascular disease risk factors in children. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in Itaúna-MG, in 2010, with 290 school children ranging from 6 to 10 years-old of both sexes, randomly selected. Children from schools located in the countryside and those with medical restrctions for physical activity were not included. Blood sample was collected after a 12-hour fasting period. Blood pressure, stature and weight were evaluated in accordance with international standards. The following were considered as cardiovascular risk factors: high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and insulin levels, and low HDL. The statistical analysis included the Spearman's coefficient and the logistic regression, with cardiovascular risk factors as dependent variables. Results: Significant correlations were found, in both sexes, among body mass index and aerobic fitness with most of the cardiovascular risk factors. Children of both sexes with body mass index in the fourth quartile demonstrated increased chances of having high blood insulin and clustering cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, girls with aerobic fitness in the first quartile also demonstrated increased chances of having high blood insulin and clustering cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: The significant associations and the increased chances of having cardiovascular risk factors in children with less aerobic fitness and higher levels of body mass index justify the use of these variables for health monitoring in Pediatrics...

Efeito da aplicação de vibração mecânica sobre a impulsão vertical / Effect of application of mechanical vibration on vertical impulsion

Vários estudos apontam que o treinamento com vibrações pode contribuir no desenvolvimento da força muscular e do desempenho esportivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da vibração mecânica aplicada na direção da resultante das forças musculares sobre a impulsão vertical. A amostra foi composta por 18 voluntários que realizaram o teste de salto vertical antes e após 20 segundos de vibração mecânica, 20 Hz de frequência e 6 mm de amplitude, aplicada na direção da resultante das forças musculares. Os mesmos voluntários foram utilizados como controle e, para isto, realizaram pré e pós-teste sem treinamento com vibração. Houve um aumento significativo de 8,5% na altura de salto vertical após o treinamento com vibração. O procedimento controle não gerou alterações significativas. Estes resultados sugerem que a aplicação de vibração mecânica na direção da resultante das forças musculares de membros inferiores foi capaz de gerar aumentos agudos na impulsão vertical.

Several studies have indicated that vibratory training can contribute to the development of muscle strength and sports performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mechanical vibration application in the direction of the result of muscle forces vector addition on vertical jump. Eighteen volunteers performed vertical jump test 20 s before and after the application of mechanical vibration of 20 Hz and 6 mm amplitude in the direction of the result of muscle forces vector addition. The same volunteers were used as control group by performing the vertical jump test without pre- and post-test vibration application. The vibratory training caused an significantly increase of 8,5% at vertical jump height while jump height did not vary significantly in the control experiment. These data suggest that the application of mechanical vibration in the direction of muscle forces vector addition can increase the performance in vertical jumps.